The first part of the name is easy enough to understand. You can consider it another way to say, entry-level, mid-level, high-end and so on.
Ryzen 3 groups CPUs with low-end performance, specifications and features. At the time of writing, these models come with four cores.
Ryzen 5 groups CPUs for the mid-end segment. They have four or six cores and a maximum of twelve processing threads.
Ryzen 7 signals the entry into the high-end performance segment. The CPUs come with eight cores and sixteen threads.
Ryzen 9 are the top of the high-end lineup, above Ryzen 7 CPUs. They have twelve or sixteen cores and a maximum of thirty-two threads.
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Ryzen Threadripper may be considered above Ryzen 9, but it’s not a valid comparison, and you’ll see why later on. These CPUs come with eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty-four, and thirty-two cores, recently. The number of threads is double the number of CPU the model has.